Factory parts data · Europe

Toyota 4-Runner Truck (JPP)

1988-08 → 1995-11 · chassis RN10#,110,13#,VZN10#,110,13# · catalogue 671450 · United States

Discontinued model Data version 1996-08
Exploded illustration MCG375A 34770 — SHAFT ASSY, TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT (3 parts) 34706 — GEAR SUB-ASSY, TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN (3 parts) 34706A — BEARING, THRUST (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR) (6 parts) 34802A — RING, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON) (6 parts) 34803A — RING, SHAFT SNAP (FOR FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH RETURN SPRING) (3 parts) 34802 — PISTON SUB-ASSY, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34770A — RACE, THRUST BEARING (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT) (3 parts) 34850 — DRUM ASSY, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34706A — BEARING, THRUST (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR) (6 parts) 34791A — RING, HOLE SNAP (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR) (3 parts) 34704 — FLANGE SUB-ASSY, TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR (3 parts) 34704B — RACE, THRUST BEARING (FOR PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE) (3 parts) 34791 — GEAR, TRANSFER PLANETARY RING (3 parts) 34803 — SPRING SUB-ASSY, FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH RETURN (3 parts) 34802A — RING, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON) (6 parts) 34704A — BEARING, THRUST (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE) (6 parts) 34850A — RING, SHAFT SNAP (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE (CLUTCH DRUM) (3 parts) 34850A — RING, SHAFT SNAP (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE (CLUTCH DRUM) (3 parts) 34704A — BEARING, THRUST (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE) (6 parts) 34760B — RING, HOLE SNAP (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING) (6 parts) 34855A — RING, HOLE SNAP (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH FLANGE) (3 parts) 34856 — PLATE, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34704B — RACE, THRUST BEARING (FOR PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE) (3 parts) 34760 — SHAFT ASSY, TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT (3 parts) 34855 — FLANGE, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34856 — PLATE, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34856 — PLATE, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34856 — PLATE, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34856 — PLATE, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34856 — PLATE, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34760A — BEARING (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT) (6 parts) 34770C — BEARING (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT) (3 parts) 34760B — RING, HOLE SNAP (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING) (6 parts) 34854 — DISC, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34854 — DISC, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34854 — DISC, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34854 — DISC, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34760A — BEARING (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT) (6 parts) 34854 — DISC, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 34770B — RING, SNAP (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT) (3 parts) 34854 — DISC, TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH (3 parts) 35782G — RING, SHAFT SNAP(FOR DRIVE SPROCKET) (3 parts) 35782F — SPROCKET, DRIVE (3 parts) 35783H — SPROKET, DRIVEN (3 parts) 35783P — BEARING(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET) (6 parts) 35783P — BEARING(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET) (6 parts) 35781A — CHAIN, FRONT DRIVE (3 parts) 35783Q — RING, HOLE SNAP(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET BEARING) (3 parts)
MCG375A · 48 callouts Full size ↗
108 parts on this figure
Part number Description Fitment Price
34704 — Flange Sub-assy, Transfer Planetary Ring Gear
34704-35010 Flange Sub-assy, Transfer Planetary Ring Gear
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34704-35010 Flange Sub-assy, Transfer Planetary Ring Gear
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34704-35010 Flange Sub-assy, Transfer Planetary Ring Gear
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34704A — Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
90374-35002 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90374-35002 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90374-35002 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90374-38001 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90374-38001 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90374-38001 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34704B — Race, Thrust Bearing (FOR PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
35789-35040 Race, Thrust Bearing (FOR PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35789-35040 Race, Thrust Bearing (FOR PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35789-35040 Race, Thrust Bearing (FOR PLANETARY RING GEAR FLANGE)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34706 — Gear Sub-assy, Transfer Planetary Sun
34706-35010 Gear Sub-assy, Transfer Planetary Sun
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34706-35010 Gear Sub-assy, Transfer Planetary Sun
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34706-35010 Gear Sub-assy, Transfer Planetary Sun
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34706A — Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR)
90374-19001 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90374-19001 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90374-19001 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90374-30007 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90374-30007 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90374-30007 note Bearing, Thrust (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY SUN GEAR)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34760 — Shaft Assy, Transfer Front Output
34760-35020 Shaft Assy, Transfer Front Output
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34760-35020 Shaft Assy, Transfer Front Output
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34760-35020 Shaft Assy, Transfer Front Output
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34760A — Bearing (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT)
90363-51002 note Bearing (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90363-51002 note Bearing (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90363-51002 note Bearing (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90365-45001 note Bearing (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90365-45001 note Bearing (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90365-45001 note Bearing (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34760B — Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING)
90521-80002 note Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-80002 note Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-80002 note Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90521-84001 note Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-84001 note Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-84001 note Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT BEARING)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34770 — Shaft Assy, Transfer Rear Output
34770-35012 Shaft Assy, Transfer Rear Output
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34770-35012 Shaft Assy, Transfer Rear Output
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34770-35012 Shaft Assy, Transfer Rear Output
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34770A — Race, Thrust Bearing (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
35789-35030 Race, Thrust Bearing (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
35789-35030 Race, Thrust Bearing (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35789-35030 Race, Thrust Bearing (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34770B — Ring, Snap (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
90521-74001 Ring, Snap (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-74001 Ring, Snap (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-74001 Ring, Snap (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34770C — Bearing (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
90363-30046 Bearing (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90363-30046 Bearing (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90363-30046 Bearing (FOR TRANSFER REAR OUTPUT SHAFT)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34791 — Gear, Transfer Planetary Ring
34791-35010 Gear, Transfer Planetary Ring
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34791-35010 Gear, Transfer Planetary Ring
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34791-35010 Gear, Transfer Planetary Ring
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34791A — Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR)
90521-99039 Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-99039 Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-99039 Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER PLANETARY RING GEAR)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34802 — Piston Sub-assy, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
34802-35011 Piston Sub-assy, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34802-35011 Piston Sub-assy, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34802-35011 Piston Sub-assy, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34802A — Ring, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON)
90301-60003 note Ring, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90301-60003 note Ring, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90301-60003 note Ring, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90301-99041 note Ring, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90301-99041 note Ring, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90301-99041 note Ring, O (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH PISTON)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34803 — Spring Sub-assy, Front Drive Clutch Return
34803-35010 Spring Sub-assy, Front Drive Clutch Return
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34803-35010 Spring Sub-assy, Front Drive Clutch Return
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34803-35010 Spring Sub-assy, Front Drive Clutch Return
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34803A — Ring, Shaft Snap (FOR FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH RETURN SPRING)
90520-56001 Ring, Shaft Snap (FOR FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH RETURN SPRING)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90520-56001 Ring, Shaft Snap (FOR FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH RETURN SPRING)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90520-56001 Ring, Shaft Snap (FOR FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH RETURN SPRING)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34850 — Drum Assy, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
34850-35011 Drum Assy, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34850-35011 Drum Assy, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34850-35011 Drum Assy, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34850A — Ring, Shaft Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE (CLUTCH DRUM)
90520-32003 Ring, Shaft Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE (CLUTCH DRUM)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90520-32003 Ring, Shaft Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE (CLUTCH DRUM)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90520-32003 Ring, Shaft Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE (CLUTCH DRUM)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34854 — Disc, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
34653-35020 Disc, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34653-35020 Disc, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34653-35020 Disc, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34855 — Flange, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
34655-35010 Flange, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34655-35010 Flange, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34655-35010 Flange, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
34855A — Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH FLANGE)
90521-99036 Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH FLANGE)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90521-99036 Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH FLANGE)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-99036 Ring, Hole Snap (FOR TRANSFER FRONT DRIVE CLUTCH FLANGE)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34856 — Plate, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
34656-35010 Plate, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34656-35010 Plate, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
34656-35010 Plate, Transfer Front Drive Clutch
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
35781A — Chain, Front Drive
35781-35010 Chain, Front Drive
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35781-35010 Chain, Front Drive
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35781-35010 Chain, Front Drive
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
35782F — Sprocket, Drive
35782-35020 Sprocket, Drive
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35782-35020 Sprocket, Drive
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35782-35020 Sprocket, Drive
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
35782G — Ring, Shaft Snap(FOR DRIVE SPROCKET)
90520-45002 Ring, Shaft Snap(FOR DRIVE SPROCKET)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90520-45002 Ring, Shaft Snap(FOR DRIVE SPROCKET)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90520-45002 Ring, Shaft Snap(FOR DRIVE SPROCKET)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35783H — Sproket, Driven
35783-35020 Sproket, Driven
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35783-35020 Sproket, Driven
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
35783-35020 Sproket, Driven
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
35783P — Bearing(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET)
90363-30046 note Bearing(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90363-30046 note Bearing(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90363-30046 note Bearing(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
90364-35006 note Bearing(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90364-35006 note Bearing(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90364-35006 note Bearing(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
35783Q — Ring, Hole Snap(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET BEARING)
90521-74001 Ring, Hole Snap(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET BEARING)
1988-08 → 1989-08 ended
RN106,110,13#,VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-74001 Ring, Hole Snap(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET BEARING)
1989-08 → 1995-01 ended
VZN105,110,13# 4FC —
90521-74001 Ring, Hole Snap(FOR TRANSFER DRIVEN SPROKET BEARING)
1995-01 → 1995-11 ended
VZN13# 4FC —
No quantity column: the factory catalogue records which parts a vehicle takes, never how many.

This drawing is also used by